Scientific Name:

• Groupers belong to the subfamily Epinephelinae within the family Serranidae.
• Some well-known species include:
  • Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara)
  • Nassau Grouper (Epinephelus striatus)
  • Red Grouper (Epinephelus morio)
  • Potato Grouper (Epinephelus tukula)
  • Black Grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci)

Habitat:

• Found in coral reefs, rocky seabeds, mangroves, and deep-sea environments.
• Typically reside at depths of 10–100 meters (33–330 feet).
• Prefer tropical and subtropical waters.

Diet:

• Carnivorous – feeds on fish, crustaceans (like crabs and lobsters), squid, and octopus.
• Hunts using ambush techniques, swallowing prey whole with its large mouth and powerful suction.

Reproduction:

• Many species are protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning they start as females and later transition to males.
• Spawning often occurs in large aggregations.
• Eggs are fertilized externally and develop into free-floating larvae before settling on reefs.

Spotting Tips:

• Look for large, thick-bodied fish with wide mouths near coral reefs and rocky ledges.
• Groupers often have camouflaged patterns that blend with their surroundings.
• Some species, like the Nassau Grouper, change color depending on mood or behavior.

Countries:

• Found worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters, including the Caribbean, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Red Sea, Indo-Pacific, and Australia.