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Octopus
Common Octopus
Scientific Name:
Octopus vulgaris
Types:
Reef octopus.
Habitat:
Shallow coastal waters, rocky reefs, seagrass beds.
Diet:
Crabs, mollusks, small fish.
Reproduction:
Sexual; males use a specialized arm (hectocotylus) to transfer sperm, and females guard eggs until they hatch.
Spotting Tips:
Often hiding in rock crevices, showing excellent camouflage.
Countries:
Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean, Japan.
Mimic Octopus
Scientific Name:
Thaumoctopus mimicus
Types:
Master of disguise, can imitate over 15 species.
Habitat:
Shallow, muddy coastal waters.
Diet:
Crustaceans, small fish, and worms.
Reproduction:
Sexual; short lifespan after reproduction with female guarding eggs.
Spotting Tips:
Look for the distinctive banded brown and white coloration and unique movements mimicking other animals.
Countries:
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand.
Blue Ringed Octopus
Scientific Name:
Hapalochlaena lunulata
(and related species).
Types:
Small venomous octopus.
Habitat:
Tide pools, shallow coral reefs.
Diet:
Crustaceans and small fish.
Reproduction:
Sexual; males die shortly after mating, females care for eggs until hatching.
Spotting Tips:
Small size with distinctive bright blue rings, often hidden under rocks.
Countries:
Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, Japan.
Giant Pacific Octopus
Scientific Name:
Enteroctopus dofleini
Types:
Largest octopus species.
Habitat:
Cold coastal waters, rocky reefs, kelp forests.
Diet:
Crabs, clams, fish, and shrimp.
Reproduction:
Sexual; females lay thousands of eggs and guard them until they hatch, dying shortly after.
Spotting Tips:
Look for large reddish-brown bodies near rocky crevices.
Countries:
Pacific Ocean coasts – Alaska, Japan, Russia, Canada.